Ethereum Node

A software client that participates in Ethereum’s Proof-of-Stake network to validate, store, or relay blockchain data.

What is Ethereum Node?

An Ethereum node in the context of Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is a computer running software that connects to the Ethereum network to perform tasks such as validating transactions, storing the blockchain’s state, or relaying data. Since Ethereum’s transition to PoS with The Merge in 2022, nodes are categorized into execution clients (handling transaction processing and smart contract execution) and consensus clients (managing the PoS consensus mechanism). Common execution clients include Geth, Nethermind, and Besu, while consensus clients include Lighthouse, Prysm, and Teku. Nodes can operate as full nodes, which store the entire blockchain, or light nodes, which store minimal data for faster operation.

In PoS, validator nodes play a critical role by staking a minimum of 32 ETH to propose and attest to new blocks. Running a validator node requires both an execution client and a consensus client, synchronized with the network, and constant uptime to avoid penalties. Non-validating nodes, such as full or light nodes, support the network by storing data or facilitating transactions without staking. As of 2025, over 1 million validators are active, per beaconcha.in, ensuring Ethereum’s decentralization and security. Operating a node requires technical expertise, reliable hardware, and stable internet, but it contributes to Ethereum’s resilience and transparency.